This looks like there is some issue in the DB. Maybe duplicate records? What is the history of the project? I know you said you have inherited the project but without knowing the history it is really hard to tell. Was the project upgraded from an older version? Did the issue started just recently? If yes, is it possible to get list of the most recent changes?
Right now I would recommend to do some tests by installing a fresh Kentico 10 instance, match the hotfix. Make sure the newly instance has the same hash salt string set as your current project.
And now, connect your project to the fresh DB by changing the connection string: are you able to reproduce the issue? If yes, then the issue is in the code, in the project and you need to compare your project files with the default project.
And/or connect the fresh Kentico project to your current DB: are you able to reproduce the issue? If yes, then the issue is in the DB. You can compare the DBs and also check the CMS_EmailTemplate (e.g. for any duplicates or weird records when compared to the fresh DB) and CMS_Class (look for cms.emailtemplate ClassName record and compare the ClassXMLSchema and ClassFormDefinition with the fresh instance)