You can get the CurrentSearchDocuments from the SearchContext. You can search this list of current search results for the value of your checkbox to determine the number of items that have that value.
It could look something like this:
First get all value of the field you are facetting into a list, then count the number of time the value of you checkbox appears in the list.
var values = SearchContext.CurrentSearchResults.TypedValues
.Where(d => d.Table.Columns.Contains("fieldname") && d.Field<string>("fieldname") != null)
.Select(b => b.Field<string>("fieldname")).ToList();
int count = values.Where(d => d == value).Count();