Just to note, IPageBuilderDataContextRetriever
only exists in Xperience 13.0+, not in v12.
If you are working in v12...
You can retrieve the DocumentPageBuilderWidgets
column from the CMS_Document
page for the current page and parse the JSON inside, but there are no APIs to help you here.
If you need to be able to control the content in the Page Builder components (Editable Areas, Sections, Widgets, ect...) for many pages at once, you could try my Shared Widget Pages pattern.
There's also a way to reuse the data context. This would allow you to take the Page Builder components from one Page and render them on another one (assuming you have Editable Areas in both pages with the same name). This allows for more of a mashup approach.