This is the solution:
By default, Kentico links two jQuery bundles required for the correct functioning of the page builder and its default components. The system jQuery version is 3.3.1. If you wish to use a different jQuery version (or link type) on your pages, you need to create your own bundle(s) with the corresponding path:
~/bundles/jquery
~/bundles/jquery-unobtrusive-ajax – bundle for using the jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.js JavaScript library (not to be confused with the jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js library)
When you register a bundle with one of these paths, the corresponding system bundle will no longer be linked automatically. You need to link your custom jQuery bundle manually (either within the used layout or directly in the page's view) to ensure that the page builder works correctly.