Short answer is within the Admin interface you'd need to modify the base control/page to have this field added to the filter, I'd suggest a simple non-coding solution and just sort by the "Published" column.
Now for the long answer and an alternative way, take a look in this file:
/CMSModules/Content/CMSDesk/View/listing.aspx
In there you'll see the following control referenced:
/CMSModules/Content/Controls/DocumentList.ascx
In that control's code behind you can see the following filters are referenced:
cms.document.simplefilter
cms.document.filter
Now if you go into the Modules app and go to Pages>Alternative forms you'll see the Listing filter and Listing filter (simple). You'd think you'd be able to simply add the "Published" field in there, well that won't work because there isn't a "Published" field in the cms_document or cms_tree classes (I believe it's a calculated field). To get that specific "Published" field, you would have to modify some code to get it on the filter which I'd not recommend, but if you really need it, start coding!
Yet another non-coding solution would be to add the DocumentPublishFrom and DocumentPublishTo fields to the alternative form. This will allow them to search a date range if the sorting by "Published" doesn't work.
Good luck!