I'm slightly confused. Are you saying your "large" repeater shows all years, but you really only want it to show 1 year (depending on a drop down)?
If so, then i would have the year drop down set a URL parameter (?year=2018) when selected, and leverage that parameter in your repeater's where condition
WHERE: DataYear = {% Convert.ToInt(QueryString.Year, 0) |(identity)GlobalAdministrator%}
Then lastly you can set a macro on the Visible field of the repeater web part (hit the black arrow) and set it to only be visible if a year is present: Convert.ToInt(QueryString.Year, 0) > 0
If that's not the case, can you explain a little more?