Do you see any extra details in events log?
Are there any other projects within your solution those are being referenced by web parts? - Have you rebuilt those project with updated Kentico dll references?
I'd start from a simple thing like clearing Kentico cache, restarting Kentico, restarting the app on IIS, clearing ASP.NET temporary files etc.
Another thing to try is to register the same web part in Kentico for the second time and try to use it.