Should be something like this:
var allchirldrenArticles = DocumentHelper.GetDocuments("articleDocumenTtype")
.WhereEquals("NodeParentID", CurrentDocument.NodeID)
//.Path("pathToYourNode", PathTypeEnum.Section) - could use section instead of where above if you have more than 1 level
.Columns("column1Name, DocumentCulture, DocumentName")
.OrderBy("DocumentName")
.Culture("en-US")
.Published()
.CombineWithDefaultCulture()
.ToList()
Cache the list and use linq for your text manipulations (i.e. first letter, accents etc). Let say to get first letter should be : allchirldrenArticles .Select(x => x.DocumentName[0])