You can persist the keys to Azure Blob Storage and protect them with a key in the Azure KeyVault. Something like:
builder.Services.AddDataProtection()
.PersistKeysToAzureBlobStorage(azureStorageConnectionString, azureStorageContainerName, azureStorageBlobName)
.ProtectKeysWithAzureKeyVault(new Uri($"{azureKeyVaultEndPoint}/keys/{azureDataProtectionKeyVaultKeyName}"), new DefaultAzureCredential())