Hi Rob,
Right now there is no automatic import / export package generator "in-the-box" for a certain set of changes that represent the "state of Kentico", other than what the Export objects UI gives in the Sites app. You can however use the Kentico API to programmatically generate export packages, but that code is up to you do.
My team and I are actually working on a tool to handle sync'ing changes between environments part of our Compare for Kentico. It's not quite out yet, but you might want to check out Compare and signup for our newsletter to know when it is available.
Brian