So the only way I can think to do it is to see if a CMS.File with FileAttachment that equals the e.Attachment.AttachmentGUID exists - if it does you can assume that we are updating the FileAttachment attachment (rather than the thumbnail or secondary document attachment)
var file = DocumentHelper.GetDocuments("CMS.File")
.WhereEquals("FileAttachment", e.Attachment.AttachmentGUID)
.FirstOrDefault();
if (null != file)
{
// do your stuff
}