NodeID/NodeGuid are not culture specific, so if your website does use multiple cultures, ideally you would specify the culture to filter to the appropriate node.
If you were using DocumentID/DocumentGuid then you would not need to specify a culture as it is already culture specific.
You could do something like:
var treeNode = DocumentHelper.GetDocuments()
.TopN(1)
.Published()
.WhereEquals(nameof(TreeNode.NodeGUID), /* pass node guid */)
.Culture(/* pass culture code */)
.FirstOrDefault();
You've mentioned that you only want the NodeID too, maybe restrict the columns being returned by adding:
.Column(nameof(TreeNode.NodeID))
Since you're using Kentico Xperience 13, you might want to try alternative API methods of retrieving pages too, maybe look through https://docs.xperience.io/custom-development/working-with-pages-in-the-api