Hi Canelle,
In assumption that 'NextQuestion' and 'CoulumnName' are exist as database fields in the table, you can paste them as plain text in item transformation and they should work. I faceted with the same issue while ago and it worked for me. Could be, that if you place it as macro condition (click on the arrow and add macro), that in the moment of resolving, fields are not picked up from DB which cause that all values are empty.
If you paste your condition directly in 'Item transformation' text box (without clicking on arrow), then you added a template which will be resolved later (when values are populated).
{%if (NextQuestion!=null&& NextQuestion=="Value 4") { %} Fail {% } else { %} {%ColumnName%} {%}|(identity)GlobalAdministrator%}
Best regards, Dragoljub