ASPX transformation is similar to user control layout and you should be able to call any server side code from it like this:
<%# CMS.DocumentEngine.DocumentHelper.GetDocuments().WhereEquals("NodeID",Eval("ParentNodeID")).FirstObject%>
In fact this is similar to using transformation methods.
Also this approach is not the best from performance stand point - it makes database call for each item in the list, so it is better to implement custom query or custom data source, so it will return data structure you need at once, so no need for extra calls to database.