Justin, do you know what is creating this query? If you have access to the SQL, you could change your query as follows:
WITH To_Be_Ordered
AS
(
SELECT
[NodeOrder], ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY NodeOrder, DocumentName ASC, NodeAlias ASC) AS CMS_RN
FROM
(
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT
NodeID, NodeOrder, DocumentName, NodeAlias, NodeParentID, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY NodeID ORDER BY CASE WHEN DocumentCulture = 'en-US' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END) AS Priority
FROM
CMS_Document (nolock)
LEFT JOIN CMS_Tree (nolock) ON CMS_Document.DocumentNodeID = CMS_Tree.NodeID OR CMS_Document.DocumentNodeID = CMS_Tree.NodeLinkedNodeID
WHERE [NodeParentID] = @NodeParentID) AS LANG_VERSIONS WHERE Priority = 1
) AS DOCS
WHERE [NodeParentID] = @NodeParentID
)
UPDATE To_Be_Ordered SET [NodeOrder] = CMS_RN