Hello,
Yes, exactly. I have following tree structure and all documents in it are my custom document type:

I have filled properties of those mentioned web parts as you can see below (only change is that I fill it with relative path to see want it shows on lower levels of document structure):
Webpart properties (Documents data source)
Alias path: /test/1
Zone ID: zoneLeft
Default
Web part control ID: DocumentsDataSource
Web part title: 
Disable view state: False
Disable macros: False
Content
Path: ./%
Content filter
Document types: custom.asdf
Category name: 
Combine with default culture: 
Culture code: 
Maximum nesting level: -1
ORDER BY Expression: 
Select only published: True
Select top N documents: 
Site name: 
WHERE condition: 
Columns: 
Filter out duplicates: False
Enable selected item: False
Filter name: 
System settings
Check permissions: False
Cache item name: 
Cache minutes: 
Cache dependencies: ##DEFAULT##
Webpart properties (Basic repeater)
Alias path: /test/1
Zone ID: zoneLeft
Default
Web part control ID: BasicRepeater
Web part title: 
Disable view state: False
Disable macros: False
Visibility
Visible: True
Hide on subpages: False
Show for document types: 
Display to roles: 
Content
Data source name: DocumentsDataSource
Transformations
Transformation name: custom.asdf.Default
Alternating transformation name: 
Item separator transformation name: 
Header transformation name: 
Footer transformation name: 
Selected item transformation: 
Selected item header transformation: 
Selected item footer transformation: 
No data behavior
Hide if no record found: True
No record found text: No data found
Web part container
Web part container: 
Container title: 
Container CSS class: 
Container custom content: 
Hide container on subpages: False
HTML Envelope
Content before: 
Content after: 
AJAX
Use update panel: False
Time zones
Time zone: inherit
Custom time zone: 
Partial caching
Partial cache minutes: 
Partial cache dependencies: ##DEFAULT##
Now if I navigate to the page 1, appropriate documents show up:

Picture below displays what I see on the 12 page:

Are your documents published?
Best regards,
Jan Hermann